Hirsutism is a condition characterized by excessive, male-pattern hair growth in women, particularly on areas of the body where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, back, and abdomen. This abnormal hair growth is usually coarse and dark, differing from the fine, light-colored vellus hair that normally covers much of the body. Hirsutism can vary in severity and often leads to significant psychological distress due to its impact on appearance. The primary cause of hirsutism is an excess of androgens, which are male hormones present in both men and women but typically in higher levels in men. Elevated androgen levels in women can be due to a variety of factors. The most common cause is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder that leads to enlarged ovaries with small cysts and is associated with irregular menstrual cycles, acne, and obesity. Other causes include adrenal gland disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which affects hormone production, and androgen-secreting tumors in the ovaries or adrenal glands. Medications such as anabolic steroids and certain anti-seizure drugs can also cause hirsutism. In some cases, hirsutism may be idiopathic, meaning no identifiable cause is found, but genetic predisposition and ethnicity can play a role in hair growth patterns.
Treatment for hirsutism focuses on managing the underlying cause and reducing hair growth. For women with PCOS, weight loss through diet and exercise can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels. Medications such as oral contraceptives are often prescribed to balance hormone levels and reduce hair growth. Anti-androgens like spironolactone can block androgen receptors and reduce hair growth; however, these medications may take several months to show effects. Topical treatments like eflornithine cream can slow facial hair growth but do not remove existing hair. Hair removal methods such as shaving, waxing, plucking, and depilatory creams are commonly used for temporary relief. More permanent solutions include laser hair removal and electrolysis, which destroy hair follicles to prevent future growth. It is important for individuals with hirsutism to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on their specific condition and medical history.
